Diskussion:Archiso

Das folgende ist aus der englischen Wiki und dient als Bearbeitungsvorlage. ar:Archiso el:Archiso es:Archiso fr:Archiso it:Archiso ja:Archiso nl:Archiso ru:Archiso sk:Archiso zh-hans:Archiso Vorlage:Related articles start Vorlage:Related Vorlage:Related Vorlage:Related Vorlage:Related articles end Archiso is a small set of bash scripts capable of building fully functional Arch Linux live CD/DVD/USB images. It is the same tool used to generate the official images, but since it is a very generic tool, it can be used to generate anything from rescue systems, install disks, to special interest live CD/DVD/USB systems, and who knows what else. Simply put, if it involves Arch on a shiny coaster, it can do it. The heart and soul of Archiso is mkarchiso. All of its options are documented in its usage output, so its direct usage will not be covered here. Instead, this wiki article will act as a guide for rolling your own live media in no time!

Setup

Vorlage:Note Before you begin, install the Vorlage:Pkg or archiso-git^AUR package.

Archiso comes with two "profiles": releng and baseline.

• If you wish to create a fully customized live version of Arch Linux, pre-installed with all your favorite programs and configurations, use releng.
• If you just want to create the most basic live medium, with no pre-installed packages and a minimalistic configuration, use baseline.

Now, copy the profile of your choice to a directory (archlive in the example below) where you can make adjustments and build it. Execute the following, replacing profile with either releng or baseline.

# cp -r /usr/share/archiso/configs/profile/* archlive

• If you are using the releng profile to make a fully customized image, then you can proceed onto #Configure the live medium.
• If you are using the baseline profile to create a bare image, then you will not be needing to do any customization and can proceed onto #Build the ISO.

Configure the live medium

This section details configuring the image you will be creating, allowing you to define the packages and configurations you want your live image to contain.

Inside the archlive directory created in #Setup there are a number of files and directories; we are only concerned with a few of these, mainly:

• packages.* - this is where you list, line by line, the packages you want to have installed, and
• the airootfs directory - this directory acts as an overlay and it is where you make all the customizations.

Generally, every administrative task that you would normally do after a fresh install except for package installation can be scripted into archlive/airootfs/root/customize_airootfs.sh. It has to be written from the perspective of the new environment, so / in the script means the root of the live-iso which is to be created.

Installing packages

Edit the lists of packages in packages.i686, packages.x86_64, or packages.both to indicate which packages are to be installed on the live medium. The suffix here indicates which architecture the packages are available.

Custom local repository

You can also create a custom local repository for the purpose of preparing custom packages or packages from AUR/ABS. When doing so with packages for both architectures, you should follow a certain directory order to not run into problems.

For instance:

• ~/customrepo
  • ~/customrepo/x86_64
    • ~/customrepo/x86_64/foo-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
    • ~/customrepo/x86_64/customrepo.db.tar.gz
    • ~/customrepo/x86_64/customrepo.db (symlink created by repo-add)
  • ~/customrepo/i686
    • ~/customrepo/i686/foo-i686.pkg.tar.xz
    • ~/customrepo/i686/customrepo.db.tar.gz
    • ~/customrepo/i686/customrepo.db (symlink created by repo-add)

You can then add your repository by putting the following into ~/archlive/pacman.conf, above the other repository entries (for top priority):

# custom repository
[customrepo]
SigLevel = Optional TrustAll
Server = file:///home/user/customrepo/$arch

So, the build scripts just look for the appropriate packages.

If this is not the case you will be running into error messages similar to this:

error: failed to prepare transaction (package architecture is not valid)
:: package foo-i686 does not have a valid architecture

Preventing installation of packages belonging to base group

By default, /usr/bin/mkarchiso, a script which is used by ~/archlive/build.sh, calls one of the Vorlage:Pkg named pacstrap without the -i flag, which causes Pacman to not wait for user input during the installation process.

When blacklisting base group packages by adding them to the IgnorePkg line in ~/archlive/pacman.conf, Pacman asks if they still should be installed, which means they will when user input is bypassed. To get rid of these packages there are several options:

• Dirty: Add the -i flag to each line calling pacstrap in /usr/bin/mkarchiso.

• Clean: Create a copy of /usr/bin/mkarchiso in which you add the flag and adapt ~/archlive/build.sh so that it calls the modified version of the mkarchiso script.

• Advanced: Create a function for ~/archlive/build.sh which explicitly removes the packages after the base installation. This would leave you the comfort of not having to type enter so much during the installation process.

Installing packages from multilib

To install packages from the multilib repository you have to create two pacman configuration files: one for x86_64 and one for i686. Copy pacman.conf to pacmanx86_64.conf and pacmani686.conf. Uncomment the following lines to enable multilib in pacmanx86_64.conf:

pacmanx86_64.conf

[multilib]
SigLevel = PackageRequired
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

Then edit build.sh with an editor. Replace the following lines:

build.sh

run_once make_pacman_conf

# Do all stuff for each airootfs
for arch in i686 x86_64; do
    run_once make_basefs
    run_once make_packages
done

run_once make_packages_efi

for arch in i686 x86_64; do
    run_once make_setup_mkinitcpio
    run_once make_customize_airootfs
done

with:

build.sh

cp -v releng/pacmanx86_64.conf releng/pacman.conf
run_once make_pacman_conf

# Do all stuff for each airootfs
for arch in x86_64; do
    run_once make_basefs
    run_once make_packages
    run_once make_packages_efi
    run_once make_setup_mkinitcpio
    run_once make_customize_airootfs
done

echo make_pacman_conf i686
cp -v releng/pacmani686.conf releng/pacman.conf
cp -v releng/pacmani686.conf ${work_dir}/pacman.conf


for arch in i686; do
    run_once make_basefs
    run_once make_packages
    run_once make_packages_efi
    run_once make_setup_mkinitcpio
    run_once make_customize_airootfs
done

In this way packages for x86_64 and i686 will be installed with their own pacman configuration file.

Adding files to image

The airootfs directory acts as an overlay, think of it as root directory '/' on your current system, so any files you place within this directory will be copied over on boot-up.

So if you have a set of iptables scripts on your current system you want to be used on you live image, copy them over as such:

# cp -r /etc/iptables ~/archlive/airootfs/etc

Placing files in the users home directory is a little different. Do not place them within airootfs/home, but instead create a skel directory within airootfs/ and place them there. We will then add the relevant commands to the customize_airootfs.sh which we are going to use to copy them over on boot and sort out the permissions.

First, create the skel directory:

# mkdir ~/archlive/airootfs/etc/skel

Now copy the 'home' files to the skel directory, e.g for .bashrc:

# cp ~/.bashrc ~/archlive/airootfs/etc/skel/

When ~/archlive/airootfs/root/customize_airootfs.sh is executed and a new user is created, the files from the skel directory will automatically be copied over to the new home folder, permissions set right.

Similarly, some care is required for special configuration files that reside somewhere down the hierarchy. As an example the /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc configuration file resides on a path that might be overwritten by installing a package. To place the configuration file one should put the custom xinitrc in ~/archlive/airootfs/etc/skel/ and then modify customize_airootfs.sh to move it appropriately.

Boot Loader

The default file should work fine, so you should not need to touch it.

Due to the modular nature of isolinux, you are able to use lots of addons since all *.c32 files are copied and available to you. Take a look at the official syslinux site and the archiso git repo. Using said addons, it is possible to make visually attractive and complex menus. See here.

Login manager

Starting X at boot is done by enabling your login manager's systemd service. If you know which .service file needs a softlink: Great. If not, you can easily find out in case you are using the same program on the system you build your iso on. Just use:

$ ls -l /etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service

Now create the same softlink in ~/archlive/airootfs/etc/systemd/system. For LXDM:

# ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/lxdm.service ~/archlive/airootfs/etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service

This will enable LXDM at system start on your live system.

Alternatively you can just enable the service in airootfs/root/customize_airootfs.sh along with other services that are enabled there.

If you want the graphical environment to actually start automatically during boot make sure to edit airootfs/root/customize_airootfs.sh and replace

systemctl set-default multi-user.target

with

systemctl set-default graphical.target

Changing Automatic Login

The configuration for getty's automatic login is located under airootfs/etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/autologin.conf.

You can modify this file to change the auto login user:

[Service]
ExecStart=
ExecStart=-/sbin/agetty --autologin isouser --noclear %I 38400 linux

Or remove it altogether to disable auto login.

Build the ISO

Now you are ready to turn your files into the .iso which you can then burn to CD or USB:

First create the out/ directory,

# mkdir ~/archlive/out/

then inside ~/archlive, execute:

# ./build.sh -v

The script will now download and install the packages you specified to work/*/airootfs, create the kernel and init images, apply your customizations and finally build the iso into out/.

Rebuild the ISO

Rebuilding the iso after modifications is not officially supported. However, it is easily possible by applying two steps. First you have to remove lock files in the work directory:

# rm -v work/build.make_*

Furthermore it is required to edit the script airootfs/root/customize_airootfs.sh, and add an id command in the beginning of the useradd line as shown here. Otherwise the rebuild stops at this point because the user that is to be added already exists [1].

! id arch && useradd -m -p "" -g users -G "adm,audio,floppy,log,network,rfkill,scanner,storage,optical,power,wheel" -s /usr/bin/zsh arch

Also remove persistent data such as created users or symlinks such as /etc/sudoers.

Rebuilds can be sped up slightly by editing the pacstrap script (located at /bin/pacstrap) and changing the following at line 361:

Before:

if ! pacman -r "$newroot" -Sy "${pacman_args[@]}"; then

After:

if ! pacman -r "$newroot" -Sy --needed "${pacman_args[@]}"; then

This increases the speed of the initial bootstrap, since it doesn't have to download and install any of the base packages that are already installed.

Using the ISO

See the Category:Getting and installing Arch#Installation methods section for various options.

Tips and tricks

Installation without Internet access

If you wish to install the archiso (e.g. the official monthly release) as it is without an Internet connection, or, if you do not want to download the packages you want again:

First, follow the Installation guide, skipping the Installation guide#Connect to the Internet section, until the Installation guide#Install the base packages step.

Install the archiso to the new root

Instead of installing the packages with pacstrap (which would try to download from the remote repositories), copy everything in the live environment to the new root:

# time cp -ax / /mnt

Vorlage:Note Then, copy the kernel image to the new root, in order to keep the integrity of the new system:

# cp -vaT /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/$(uname -m)/vmlinuz /mnt/boot/vmlinuz-linux

After that, generate a fstab as described in Installation guide#Fstab.

Chroot and configure the base system

Next, chroot into your newly installed system:

# arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash

Restore the configuration of journald

This customization of archiso will lead to storing the system journal in RAM, it means that the journal will not be available after reboot:

# sed -i 's/Storage=volatile/#Storage=auto/' /etc/systemd/journald.conf

Remove special udev rule

This rule of udev starts the dhcpcd automatically if there are any wired network interfaces.

# rm /etc/udev/rules.d/81-dhcpcd.rules

Disable and remove the services created by archiso

Some service files are created for the Live environment, please disable the services and remove the file as they are unnecessary for the new system:

# systemctl disable pacman-init.service choose-mirror.service
# rm -r /etc/systemd/system/{choose-mirror.service,pacman-init.service,etc-pacman.d-gnupg.mount,getty@tty1.service.d}
# rm /etc/systemd/scripts/choose-mirror

Remove special scripts of the Live environment

There are some scripts installed in the live system by archiso scripts, which are unnecessary for the new system:

# rm /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/autologin.conf
# rm /root/{.automated_script.sh,.zlogin}
# rm /etc/mkinitcpio-archiso.conf
# rm -r /etc/initcpio

Importing archlinux keys

In order to use the official repositories, we need to import the archlinux master keys (pacman/Package signing#Initializing the keyring). This step is usually done by pacstrap but can be achieved with

# pacman-key --init
# pacman-key --populate archlinux

Configure the system

Now you can follow the skipped steps of the Installation guide#Configure the system section (setting a locale, timezone, hostname, etc.) and finish the installation by creating an initial ramdisk as described in Installation guide#Initramfs.

Enable graphical login (optional)

If using a display manager like GDM, you may want to change the systemd default target from multi-user.target to one that allows graphical login.

# systemctl disable multi-user.target
# systemctl enable graphical.target

See also

Documentation and tutorials

• Archiso project page
• Official documentation

Example customization template

• A live DJ distribution powered by ArchLinux and built with Archiso