Rosettastein Paketverwaltung

Dieser Artikel beschreibt unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Paketverwaltung unter Linux. Wie auf dem historisch belegten [Rosetta-Stein] sollen einfache Befehle in die "Sprache" einer anderen Distribution übersetzt werden.

Benutzer anderer Distributionen können von Pacman durch die Verwendung eines einfachen Hüllskriptes profitieren: [pacapt]. Dies Skript ist in bash geschrieben und kann auch von Arch-Benutzern, die mit Paketformaten anderer Distributionen umgehen müssen, verwendet werden.

Pakete namentlich installieren

Das angegebene Paket wird installiert.

pacman -S

yum install

apt-get install

zypper install

emerge [-a]

Pakete namentlich deinstallieren

Das angegebene Paket wird deinstalliert,

pacman -Rc

yum remove

apt-get remove

zypper remove

emerge -C

Paketquellen durchsuchen

Paketsuche anhand eines Ausdrucks im Namen oder in der (Kurz-)Beschreibung. Die durchsuchten Felder weichen bei jedem Werkzeug ab.

pacman -Ss

apt-cache search|

zypper search

emerge -S

Aktualisierung

Update aller installierter Pakete.

pacman -Syu

yum update

apt-get upgrade

zypper update

emerge -u world

Andere Form des obigen Befehls zur Umsetzung komplexerer Aufgaben, – z.B. distributionsweite Aktualisierung. Während der obige Befehl Pakete nicht aktualisiert, bei denen sich Abhängigkeiten geändert haben, führt diese Form solche durch.

pacman -Syu

yum distro-sync

apt-get dist-upgrade

zypper dup

emerge -uDN world

Erneute Installation eines Pakets, ohne sich um Abhängigkeiten zu kümmern.

pacman -S

yum reinstall

apt-get install --reinstall

emerge [-a]

Lokale Installation, das heißt: Installation ohne Rückgriff auf ein Repository.

pacman -U

yum localinstall

dpkg -i && apt-get install -f

zypper in /path/to/local.rpm

emerge

Lokales Update ohne Rückgriff auf ein Repository.

pacman -U

yum localupdate

n/a

emerge

Paketverwaltung

Aufspüren und ggf. Reperatur kaputtgegangener Abhängigkeiten.

pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs oder lddd

package-cleanup --problems

apt-get --fix-broken

zypper verify

revdep-rebuild

Pakete nur herunterladen ohne Auspacken oder Installation.

pacman -Sw

yumdownloader

apt-get --download-only

zypper --download-only

emerge --fetchonly

Löschen von Paketen, die nur als Abhängigkeit anderer Pakete installiert wurden, die z.B. nicht mehr installiert sind.

pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -

yum autoremove

apt-get autoremove

zypper rm -u

emerge --depclean

Herunterladen der Quellpakete zu einem Paket.

ABS && makepkg -o

yumdownloader --source

apt-get source / debcheckout

zypper source-install

emerge --fetchonly

Löschen von Paketen, die in keinem Repo mehr vorkommen.

n/a

package-cleanup --orphans

n/a

n/a

n/a

Installieren bzw. Löschen von Paketen, die Abhängigkeiten zum Bau eines anderen Paketes sind. Benötigt Information aus dem Quellpaket.

automatisch

yum-builddep

apt-get build-dep

zypper si -d

emerge -o

Ein Paket von Aktualisierungen ausschließen.

IgnorePkg in der pacman.conf

exclude in der yum.conf

echo "$PKGNAME hold" \ | dpkg --set-selections

Paketname in der /etc/zypp/locks

/etc/portage/package.mask

Dieser Artikel oder Artikelabschnitt ist noch nicht vollständig!

---

Hinweis: Wiki-Autoren: Bitte wie oben die Tabelle weiter aufdröseln, und gegebenenfalls die Zeilen logisch in die Abschnitte einpassen. Gegebenenfalls neue logische Abschnitte anlegen. Texte nach Möglichkeit sinngemäß übersetzen (muss nicht alles auf einen Schlag gemacht werden *g*). --Dirk (Diskussion) 03:58, 19. Nov. 2014 (CET)

Den Auschluss wieder aufheben	Den Paketeintrag aus der IgnorePkg-Zeile in der /etc/pacman.conf entfernen	yum.conf <--”exclude” option (remove/amend)	echo "$PKGNAME install" | dpkg --set-selections	Paketnamen aus der /etc/zypp/locks entfernen	/etc/portage/package.mask (oder package.unmask)
Alle Ausschlüsse auflisten	cat /etc/pacman.conf	yum.conf (research needed)	/etc/apt/preferences	View /etc/zypp/locks	cat /etc/portage/package.mask
Einen Haltepunkt für ein Rollback zum System hinzufügen		(nicht nötig, wird bei jeder Transaction gemacht)		n/a
Einen Haltepunkt entfernen	N/A	N/A		n/a
Provide a list of all system checkpoints	N/A	yum history list		n/a
Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint.	N/A	yum history rollback		n/a
Undo a single specified transaction.	N/A	yum history undo		n/a
Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required.	pacman -D --asexplicit		aptitude unmarkauto		emerge --select
Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required.	pacman -S --asdeps				emerge -1
Package information management
Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.)	(see /var/lib/pacman/local)	(see /var/lib/rpm/Packages)	apt-cache stats	n/a	emerge --info
Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other.	pacman -[S|Q]i	yum list or info	apt-cache show / apt-cache policy	zypper info zypper if	emerge -S; emerge -pv; eix
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par.	pacman -Ss	yum search	apt-cache search	zypper search zypper se [-s]	emerge -S
Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options.	pacman -Qu	yum list updates yum check-update	apt-get upgrade -> n	zypper list-updates zypper patch-check (just for patches)	emerge -uDNp world
Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source.	pacman -Sl	yum list available	apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames	zypper packages	emerge -ep world
Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command.	pkgfile <filename>	yum provides / yum whatprovides	apt-file search <filename>	zypper what-provides zypper wp	equery belongs (only installed packages); pfl
Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies.	pacman -Sii	yum resolvedep	apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~Dpattern	IN PROGRESS	equery depends
Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function.	(none)	repoquery --whatconflicts	aptitude search '~Cpattern'	IN PROGRESS
List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies.	pacman -[S|Q]i	yum deplist	apt-cache depends / apt-cache show	IN PROGRESS	emerge -ep
List what the current package provides		yum provides		IN PROGRESS	equery files
List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands.	pacman -Ql $pkgname pkgfile -l	repoquery -l $pkgname	dpkg-query -L $pkgname	IN PROGRESS	equery files
List all packages that require a particular package		repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive]			equery depends -a
Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality.	pkgfile -s	yum provides / yum whatprovides	apt-file search	IN PROGRESS	equery belongs
Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes.		yum list obsoletes	apt-cache show	IN PROGRESS
Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed.	testdb	yum deplist	apt-get check	n/a	emerge -uDN world
Generates a list of installed packages	pacman -Q	yum list installed	dpkg --get-selections	zypper	emerge -ep world
List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore).	pacman -Qm	yum list extras	deborphan	zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages'	eix-test-obsolete
List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it.	(none)	yum list recent	aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new	n/a	eix-diff
Show a log of actions taken by the software management.	cat /var/log/pacman.log	yum history cat /var/log/yum.log	cat /var/log/dpkg.log	cat /var/log/zypp/history	located in /var/log/portage
Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information.	pacman -Sc pacman -Scc	yum clean all	apt-get clean / apt-get autoclean / aptitude clean	zypper clean	eclean distfiles
Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes.	cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/		apt-cache add	n/a	cp $srcfile /usr/portage/distfiles
Display the source package to the given package name(s)		repoquery -s	apt-cache showsrc	n/a
Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s).			apt-cache dotty	n/a
Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source.	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays	yum-plugin-priorities and yum-plugin-protect-packages	/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy	zypper mr -p	${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords Add a line with =category/package-version
Remove a previously set priority			/etc/apt/preferences	zypper mr -p	${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords remove offending line
Show a list of set priorities.			apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences	n/a	cat /etc/portage/package.keywords
Ignores problems that priorities may trigger.				n/a
Installation sources management	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf	${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo	${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list		layman
Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and yum force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source.	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf	${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo	apt-cdrom add	zypper service-add	layman, overlays
Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources.	pacman -Sy	yum clean expire-cache && yum check-update	apt-get update	zypper refresh zypper ref	layman -f
Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc.	cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist	cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*		zypper service-list	layman -l
Disable an installation source for an operation		yum --disablerepo=${REPO}			emerge package::repo-to-use
Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed.		yum --releasever=${VERSION}	apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered)		echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords && emerge package
Other commands
Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session		yum shell	apt-config shell	zypper shell
Package Verification
Single package	pacman -Qk[k] <package>	rpm -V <package>	debsums	rpm -V <package>	equery check
All packages	pacman -Qk[k]	rpm -Va	debsums	rpm -Va	equery check
Package Querying
List installed local packages along with version	pacman -Q	rpm -qa	dpkg -l		emerge -e world
Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc.	pacman -Qi	rpm -qi	dpkg -s		emerge -pv and emerge -S
Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc.	pacman -Si	yum info	apt-cache show / aptitude show		emerge -pv and emerge -S
Display files provided by local package	pacman -Ql	rpm -ql	dpkg -L		equery files
Display files provided by a remote package	pkgfile -l	repoquery -l			pfl
Query the package which provides FILE	pacman -Qo	rpm -qf (installed only) or yum whatprovides (everything)	dpkg -S/dlocate		equery belongs
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database	pacman -Qp	rpm -qp	dpkg -I
Show the changelog of a package	pacman -Qc	rpm -q --changelog	apt-get changelog		equery changes -f
Search locally installed package for names or descriptions	pacman -Qs		aptitude search '~i(~nexpr|~dexpr)'		eix -S -I
List packages not required by any other package	pacman -Qt	package-cleanup --all --leaves	deborphan -anp1
Building Packages
Build a package	makepkg -s	rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot)	debuild	rpmbuild -ba	ebuild; quickpkg
Check for possible packaging issues		rpmlint	lintian		repoman
List the contents of a package file	pacman -Qpl <file>	rpmls rpm -qpl	dpkg -c	rpm -qpl
Extract a package	tar -Jxvf	rpm2cpio | cpio -vid	ar vx | tar -zxvf data.tar.gz	rpm2cpio | cpio -vid	tar -jxvf
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database	pacman -Qp	rpm -qp	dpkg -I
Action	Arch	Red Hat/Fedora	Debian/Ubuntu	SUSE/openSUSE	Gentoo